Ever since 1984, the year soccer passed baseball as the most popular team
sport in the United States, participation in this sport has skyrocketed.
With increasing numbers of children running and kicking their way down
soccer fields across America, doctors of chiropractic are urging parents
to take a step back and learn how to protect their children from the potential
injuries this popular sport can cause.
Although soccer can be a great overall sport for children, some youngsters
are enduring mild to severe head traumas, neck injuries, damage to the
cervical spine, headache, neck pain, dizziness, irritability, and insomnia
as a result of their participation, according to the September 2000 issue
of the Journal of the American Chiropractic Association (JACA). Each year,
in fact, youths under age 15 suffer more than 227,100 soccer-related injuries,
according to recent reports.
Heading the Ball: A Risk for Children
"People have this misconception that soccer has no risk," says Scott Bautch,
DC, past president of the American Chiropractic Association's (ACA) Council
on Occupational Health, who has five children playing soccer. "I think
soccer is too aggressive too early, which is leading to potential problems.
It's not as though we can fix brain damage later on in these kids' lives." Soccer
requires three basic skills - kicking (striking the ball with the feet),
trapping (similar to catching the ball, only using different parts of the
body), and heading the ball, (the deliberate use of the head to redirect
the ball). It's that last one - heading - that stirs concern and controversy
over possible permanent damage.
Philip Santiago, DC, who was an All-American soccer player in college
and a professional player for five years, says that heading is safe only
when children are given "proper coaching in proper technique." Dr. Santiago
has also served for five years as head soccer coach at both New York Institute
of Technology and Montclair State University, and was the chiropractor
for the United States Olympic Team in 1992. Dr. Santiago's opinion on proper
technique is backed up in a study of elite soccer players at the 1993 Olympic
Festival. "While properly executed heading was not found to result in any
concussive episodes, 18 percent (18 of 102) of the concussions were a result
of heading," the study found.
Dr. Santiago would like to see youngsters hold off heading until age 10
or 11. Dr. Bautch prefers age 14 to 16, based on maturation and development
of the spine.
Helmets: Not A Complete Solution
Some school districts are now requiring helmets for young soccer players.
However, Dr. Bautch, who says helmets are "a positive," worries that helmets
don't protect the spine and don't make up for too-aggressive play. "They
are just a small piece that may give some protection," he explains. "I'd
hate to see kids wear helmets and have people think that the kids are safe
and that they don't have to teach safety and prevention. I would rather
see no heading without helmets in young kids, and let helmets be introduced
later."
Prevention and Treatment of Injuries
Parents should also encourage a broad spectrum of sports - like soccer,
skating and skiing, for example - to develop the whole body. Over-playing
and over-training are problems exacerbated by ambitious parents, peer pressure
and adult role models. Children need their rest time.
If an injury occurs, think RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation
of the injury - which is the recommended procedure. Keep the injury iced
until the swelling is down, applying ice no longer than a 20-minute session.
After 20 minutes, ice fatigues the blood vessels and causes a heat reaction
that actually increases swelling. Leave the ice off for about an hour and
reapply. Then, try to get the child to move the injured area as soon as
possible. If pain persists, consider taking your child to a chiropractor
or other health care professional.
Other Recommendations for Soccer Safety
Parents can help protect their children from soccer injuries. Many of
the participants at a recent Consumer Product Safety Commission roundtable
insisted that parents and coaches already have the tools at their disposal.
Among them are:
- teaching and use of proper heading technique
- use of smaller balls for younger players
- strict enforcement of rules
- padding of goal posts
- use of mouth guards
- improved medical coverage at games
- coaches educated in symptoms of brain injury
- proper nutrition, including plenty of water to keep muscles hydrated
